What Is an RN and What Do They Do
An RN, or Registered Nurse, is a licensed healthcare professional who coordinates patient care, administers medications, and works with doctors and specialists. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines RNs as key providers in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care settings, with a focus on clinical outcomes and patient safety. RNs typically hold an associate or bachelor’s degree and must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to practice. Many large health systems now require or prefer a Bachelor of Science in Nursing for new hires, a trend reported by major hospital networks and workforce analyses.
RNs work in acute care, outpatient, surgical, and critical care units, handling tasks such as patient assessment, care planning, and documentation. In many facilities, RNs use electronic health records and data tools to track vitals, medication, and treatment plans. Advanced roles include charge nurse, clinical nurse specialist, and nurse manager, which involve scheduling, quality improvement, and compliance tasks. For a detailed overview of RN scope and standards, the American Nurses Association provides professional guidance and practice resources.
RN Salary, Job Outlook, and Industry Demand
Median annual pay for RNs in the United States is around $81,220, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, with the top 10 percent earning more than $120,000. Pay varies by setting, with hospital-based RNs often earning more than those in outpatient or home health roles. Factors that influence RN salary include experience, specialty, certifications, and geographic location, with higher wages in metropolitan areas and regions with strong demand. Companies such as major hospital systems and healthcare staffing agencies publish annual compensation reports that show regional pay differences.
The BLS projects employment for RNs to grow faster than average, driven by aging populations, chronic disease management, and workforce turnover. Hospitals, health systems, and staffing firms compete for RN talent, offering signing bonuses, shift differentials, and tuition support. In technology and data-heavy environments, RNs with informatics skills are in demand to support digital health platforms and analytics teams. For current labor market data, the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook provides detailed projections and industry breakdowns.
Education, Licensing, and Career Paths for RNs
Common pathways to becoming an RN include the Associate Degree in Nursing, the Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and accelerated bridge programs for career changers. After completing an accredited program, candidates must pass the NCLEX-RN exam and meet state board requirements to obtain a license. Many RNs pursue additional certifications in areas such as critical care, oncology, or informatics to advance their careers and qualify for specialized roles.
RNs can move into leadership, education, or advanced practice roles, often after gaining clinical experience and pursuing further education. Some transition into healthcare administration, consulting, or health informatics, where they apply clinical knowledge to operations and data projects. For information on accredited nursing programs and state licensing boards, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing offers official resources and exam details.